Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC

被引：126

作者：

Abeysekara, A. U. ^{[1
]}

Albert, A. ^{[2
]}

Alfaro, R. ^{[3
]}

Alvarez, C. ^{[4
]}

Alvarez, J. D. ^{[5
]}

Angeles Camacho, J. R. ^{[3
]}

Arceo, R. ^{[4
]}

Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. ^{[5
]}

Arunbabu, K. P. ^{[6
]}

Avila Rojas, D. ^{[3
]}

Solares, H. A. Ayala ^{[7
]}

Baghmanyan, V. ^{[8
]}

Belmont-Moreno, E. ^{[3
]}

BenZvi, S. Y. ^{[9
]}

Brisbois, C. ^{[10
]}

Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^{[4
]}

Capistran, T. ^{[11
]}

Carraminana, A. ^{[11
]}

Casanova, S. ^{[8
]}

Cotti, U. ^{[5
]}

Cotzomi, J. ^{[12
]}

Coutino de Leon, S. ^{[11
]}

De la Fuente, E. ^{[13
]}

de Leon, C. ^{[5
]}

Dichiara, S. ^{[14
]}

Dingus, B. L. ^{[2
]}

DuVernois, M. A. ^{[15
]}

Diaz-Velez, J. C. ^{[13
]}

Ellsworth, R. W. ^{[16
]}

Engel, K. ^{[16
]}

Espinoza, C. ^{[3
]}

Fick, B. ^{[10
]}

Fleischhack, H. ^{[10
]}

Fraija, N. ^{[14
]}

Galvan-Gamez, A. ^{[14
]}

Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. ^{[3
]}

Garfias, F. ^{[14
]}

Gonzalez, M. M. ^{[14
]}

Goodman, J. A. ^{[16
]}

Harding, J. P. ^{[2
]}

Hernandez, S. ^{[3
]}

Hinton, J. ^{[18
]}

Hona, B. ^{[10
]}

Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. ^{[4
]}

Hui, C. M. ^{[17
]}

Huntemeyer, P. ^{[10
]}

Iriarte, A. ^{[14
]}

Jardin-Blicq, A. ^{[18
]}

Joshi, V. ^{[18
]}

Kaufmann, S. ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA

[2] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA

[3] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico

[4] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico

[5] Univ Michoacana, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico

[6] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico

[7] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[8] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, IFJ PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland

[9] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[10] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA

[11] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72840, Mexico

[12] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis Matemat, Puebla 72570, Mexico

[13] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Dept Fis, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico

[14] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico

[15] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[16] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[17] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[18] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Baden Wurttembe, Germany

[19] Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca 42083, Hgo, Mexico

[20] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[21] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Computac, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico

[22] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13566 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

[23] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[24] Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca 42184, Hgo, Mexico

[25] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico

[26] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Phys Dept, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2019年 / 881卷 / 02期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

acceleration of particles; astroparticle physics; gamma rays: general; ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula); GAMMA-RAYS; ENERGY; SYSTEM;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f7d

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard reference source in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. In this analysis we use two independent energy estimation methods that utilize extensive air shower variables such as the core position, shower angle, and shower lateral energy distribution. In contrast, the previously published HAWC energy spectrum roughly estimated the shower energy with only the number of photomultipliers triggered. This new methodology yields a much-improved energy resolution over the previous analysis and extends HAWC's ability to accurately measure gamma-ray energies well beyond 100 TeV. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula is well fit to a log-parabola shape (dN/dEf = phi(0) (E/7 TeV)(-alpha-beta) (ln(E/7 TeV))) with emission up to at least 100 TeV. For the first estimator, a ground parameter that utilizes fits to the lateral distribution function to measure the charge density 40 m from the shower axis, the best-fit values are phi(0) =(2.35 +/- 0.04(-0.21)(+0.20)) x 10(13) (TeV cm(2) s)(-1), alpha = 2.79 +/- 0.02(-0.03)(+0.01), and beta = 0.10 +/- 0.01(-0.03)(+0.01). For the second estimator, a neural network that uses the charge distribution in annuli around the core and other variables, these values are phi(0) = (2.31 +/- 0.02(-0.17)(+0.32)) (TeV cm(2) s)(-1),alpha = 2.73 +/- 0.02(-0.02)(+0.03), and beta = 0.06 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.02. The first set of uncertainties is statistical; the second set is systematic. Both methods yield compatible results. These measurements are the highest-energy observation of a gamma-ray source to date.

引用

页数：13

共 41 条

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Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Bertrand, D.
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Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Boliaichuk, S.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
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← 1 2 3 4 5 →

共 41 条

[1] Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector
Aartsen, M. G.
Abbasi, R.
Abdou, Y.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguitar, J. A.
Alders, M.
Altmann, D.
Auffenberg, J.
Ba, X.
Baker, M.
Barwick, S. W.
Baum, V.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Bechet, S.
Tjus, J. Becker
Becker, K-H.
Benabderrahmane, M. L.
BenZvi, S.
Berghaus, P.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Bernhard, A.
Bertrand, D.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Bissok, M.
Blaufuss, E.
Blumenthal, J.
Boersma, D. J.
Boliaichuk, S.
Bohm, C.
Bose, D.
Boeser, S.
Botner, O.
Brayeur, L.
Bretz, H-P.
Brown, A. M.
Bruijn, R.
Brunner, J.
Carson, M.
Casey, J.
Casier, M.
Chirkin, D.
Christov, A.
Christy, B.
Clark, K.
Cleverrnann, F.
[J]. SCIENCE, 2013, 342 (6161) : 947 - +
[2] SPECTRUM AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE TWO BRIGHTEST MILAGRO SOURCES IN THE CYGNUS REGION: MGRO J2019+37 AND MGRO J2031+41
Abdo, A. A.
Abeysekara, U.
Allen, B. T.
Aune, T.
Berley, D.
Bonamente, E.
Christopher, G. E.
DeYoung, T.
Dingus, B. L.
Ellsworth, R. W.
Galbraith-Frew, J. G.
Gonzalez, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Hoffman, C. M.
Huentemeyer, P. H.
Hui, C. M.
Kolterman, B. E.
Linnemann, J. T.
McEnery, J. E.
Mincer, A. I.
Morgan, T.
Nemethy, P.
Pretz, J.
Ryan, J. M.
Parkinson, P. M. Saz
Shoup, A.
Sinnis, G.
Smith, A. J.
Vasileiou, V.
Walker, G. P.
Williams, D. A.
Yodh, B.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 753 (02)
[3] Data acquisition architecture and online processing system for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory
Abeysekara, A. U.
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Alvarez, J. D.
Arceo, R.
Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
Solares, H. A. Ayala
Barber, A. S.
Baughman, B. M.
Bautista-Elivar, N.
Gonzalez, J. Becerra
Belmont-Moreno, E.
BenZvi, S. Y.
Berley, D.
Bonilla Rosales, M.
Braun, J.
Caballero-Lopez, R. A.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Carraminana, A.
Castillo, M.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de la Fuente, E.
De Leon, C.
DeYoung, T.
Diaz-Cruz, J.
Diaz Hernandez, R.
Diaz-Velez, J. C.
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ellsworth, R. W.
Fiorino, D. W.
Fraija, N.
Galindo, A.
Garfias, F.
Gonzalez, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Grabski, V.
Gussert, M.
Hampel-Arias, Z.
Harding, J. P.
Hui, C. M.
Huntemeyer, P.
Imran, A.
Iriarte, A.
Karn, P.
Kieda, D.
Kunde, G. J.
Lara, A.
Lauer, R. J.
[J]. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2018, 888 : 138 - 146
[4] Observation of the Crab Nebula with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
Abeysekara, A. U.
Albert, A.
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Alvarez, J. D.
Arceo, R.
Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
Solares, H. A. Ayala
Barber, A. S.
Bautista-Elivar, N.
Becerril, A.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
BenZvi, S. Y.
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