Utilization of a three-dimensional printed kidney model for favorable TRIFECTA achievement in early experience of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether a three-dimensional (3D) model would improve the achievement of TRIFECTA, which was defined as the absence of perioperative complications and positive surgical margins and a warm ischcmia time of <25 minutes, during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RA PN). Methods: Prior to RAPN, a 3D-square type kidney model was prepared and used for all RAPN procedures in patients with Tla renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated at a single center between March 2016 and April 2019. All RAPN procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Results: The study included 50 patients, of whom 22, 24, and 4 had low-, intermediate-, and high-risk R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry scores, respectively. The TRIFECTA achievement rate was 86.0%, and transfusion or conversion to radical nephrectomy was not required in any of the patients. Only one Clavien-Dindo grade 3 complication was reported-a pseudoaneurysm that required embolism. The TRIFECTA achievement rate was independent of the R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry scores and the surgeon's experience level (25 cases each of early and advanced experience). Conclusions: The 3D model contributed to the achievement of TRIFECTA during RAPN performed by a less-experienced surgeon. These findings should be further evaluated in studies involving a larger number of cases and surgeons.