Self-compassion may reduce anxiety and depression in nursing students: a pathway through perceived stress

Objectives: Nursing students report high levels of anxiety and depression, which requires urgent attention. A growing amount of evidence indicates that self-compassion may indirectly (through perceived stress) and directly influence anxiety and depression, yet the research to date has not fully examined the reasons for this association. The present study examines the effects of self-compassion on anxiety and depression through perceived stress and may thus provide an innovative starting point for developing effective interventions for affected nursing students. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we estimated the strength of the pathways between self-compassion, perceived stress and anxiety and depression among 1453 nursing students in Ningbo, China. The measurements included demographics, the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Nursing students had an average score of 4.50 +/- 2.44 on the Goldberg Anxiety Scale (GAS) and 3.58 +/- 2.34 on the Goldberg Depression Scale (GDS), indicating high levels of anxiety and depression. The GAS and GDS scores were significantly different by the academic year, part-time employment and career prospects. The average scores for self-compassion and perceived stress were 38.99 +/- 4.55 and 0.40 +/- 0.14, respectively. The SEM results suggested that self-compassion was negatively associated with anxiety and depression (-0.44, P < 0.001). Perceived stress was positively associated with anxiety and depression (0.64, P < 0.001). Self-compassion was negatively associated with perceived stress (-0.65, P < 0.001). Self-compassion had no significant correlation with anxiety and depression in the effect of perceived stress (-0.14, P = 0.127). Thus, self-compassion indirectly influences anxiety and depression through perceived stress. Conclusions: Self-compassion might reduce nursing students' anxiety and depression through perceived stress. Interventionists can consider using self-compassion training to alleviate perceived stress, anxiety and depression in nursing students. (C) 2019 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.