Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants:: II.: Krafft temperature and melting temperature

The melting temperature T-M of two series of dimeric (gemini) surfactants, the alkanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(dodecyl and hexadecyl dimethylammonium bromide), referred to as 12-s-12 and 16-s-16, respectively (s = carbon number of the alkanediyl spacer), and the Krafft temperature T-K of 1 wt% aqueous solutions of these surfactants have been measured. The melting temperature of the solid surfactant increases with the carbon number m of the alkyl chain. For each surfactant series, T-M goes through a maximum at s close to 5, irrespective of the value of m. For the 12-s-12 series, T-M goes through a minimum at s = 10 to 12. At a constant value of s, the value of T-K increases with m. The variations of T-M and T-K with s show some correlation, with T-K decreasing when T-M increases and vice versa. The results are discussed in relation to the solution properties of the investigated surfactants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).