Immunoregulatory cytokines and chronic tonsillitis

The purposes of the present study were to determine the distribution of cells producing cytokines: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in different morphological sections of tonsils in patients with tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT), to analyze the level of production of these cytokines in TH and RT and evaluate the potential of peripheral blood lymphocytes for production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). Analyzed materials consisted of the tonsils after tonsillectomy and blood taken from patients right before tonsillectomy (study group) and blood taken from healthy donors (control group).We used histological and immunohistochemical method, morphometric methods for the quantification of TNF-alpha and IL- 6 producing cells and immunological methods for determining the concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-4. Most of TNF-alpha producing cells are settled in the subepithelial region (55%). Numerical density of TNF-alpha producing cells in the crypt epithelium, subepithelial and interfollicular region was significantly higher in RT compared with TH. The concentration of IFN-gamma is three times higher in RT then in TH. After the stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture there was no significant increase in concentrations of IL- 4. The index of stimulation of IFN-gamma was the highest in the RT, and of IL-4 in TH. The production of Th1-type cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) is higher in RT compared with TH. In both forms of tonsillitis, production of Th1-type cytokines is higher in relation to the production of Th2-type cytokines (IL-6 and IL-4). (C) 2013 Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FB&H. All rights reserved