Rethinking sustainability in the tour-operating industry: Worldwide survey of current attitudes and behaviors

This study aims to assess tour operators' sustainability orientation and engagement and to determine whether variations among different tour operators exist, that is, from different continents, with different targets and dimensions. A survey among tour operators worldwide was conducted. A total of 204 answers were obtained with a worldwide coverage. Results affirm relatively high sustainability orientation and engagement and that the more sustainability-oriented the tour operators are, the more sustainability-engaged they are. Moreover, results show that smaller tour operators, specializing in nature and cultural tourism, and owning accommodation facilities are also highly engaged in sustainability. Significant differences are observed among regions, with higher engagement for African and Asian tour operators compared with European ones. This study proposes the development of a new approach to sustainability in this sector: by introducing corporate sustainability strategies, tour operators can maintain their economic capital while preserving natural and social capital. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.