The Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Structural and Biological Characteristics of Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO2 Nanotube: In Vitro Study

In this research, a systematic analysis of the impact of calcination temperature on the structural and biological characteristics of titania nanotube synthesized during alkaline hydrothermal transformation of TiO2 under atmospheric conditions has been evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, MTT assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. XRD results revealed that annealing of titania nanotube led to appear anatase phase which completely converted to this phase at 650 degrees C that display the deterioration of layered structure and the breakdown of walls of titanate. Finally, biological evaluation indicated clearly that TiO2 nanotubes promote the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells in comparison with TiO2 nanoparticles.