High-dimensional quantum threshold anonymous identity authentication scheme

In the existing quantum identity authentication (QIA) schemes, single-party QIA needs to run authentication process multiple times for multi-user system. (n, n) multi-party QIA does not consider some special occasions such as user's illness, travel. Anonymous QIA only considers how to protect users' privacy but overlooks the efficiency of authentication process. In this paper, a high-dimensional quantum threshold anonymous identity authentication (HDQTAIA) scheme is proposed to overcome these limits. In HDQTAIA, each user adds private token to his/her own particle by performing d-dimensional generalized Pauli operator. When a manager performs a projective measurement on his/her two particles, with d-dimensional entanglement swapping, the tokens of any t out of n users are aggregated into the particle of the Server. The Server judges whether the authentication is successful or not by checking hash value of the aggregated token. Property analysis shows that HDQTAIA has authentications simultaneity, token unforgeability and identity anonymity. Security analysis shows that HDQTAIA can resist intercept-resend, entangle-measure, forgery, collusion and Trojan horse attacks. Performance comparison shows that HDQTAIA has better universality and flexibility, and offers lower resource consumption, computation and communication overheads than other similar QIA schemes.