In vitro comparison of resonance frequency analysis devices to evaluate implant stability of narrow diameter implants at varying drilling speeds in dense artificial bone blocks

Background There are no studies that have assessed the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of narrow diameter implants placed in artificial dense bone blocks at varying drilling speeds (DSs). Purpose The aim of the present in vitro experiment was to compare the performance of OSSTELL and Penguin devices to evaluate implant stability at DSs of 800 and 2000 rpm. Materials and Methods A total of 360 osteotomies were created in dense artificial bone blocks at DSs of 800 and 2000 rpm. Dental implants from three manufacturers (group-1: NobelActive implants, Nobel Biocare, Yorba Linda, California; group-2: Zimmer, Eztetic-Zimmer implants, Zimmer Biomet Dental, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida; and group-3: Astra Tech implant system, Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania) were randomly placed in these osteotomies using an insertion torque of 15 Ncm (60 implants/group). Implant stability in all bone blocks immediately following implant placement was evaluated using the OSSTELL and Penguin devices. ISQ values were presented as means +/- SD. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results There was no significant difference in the ISQ values obtained from the OSSTELL and Penguin devices for implants in groups 1, 2, and 3. There was no significant difference when ISQ values obtained from the OSSTELL device were compared with the Penguin device for narrow diameter dental implants placed in dense bone blocks with osteotomies performed at 800 and 2000 rpm. ISQ values showed statistically significant higher values for OSSTELL compared to Penguin device. Conclusion The OSSTELL and Penguin devices are reliable for the assessment of implant stability in dense artificial bone. Implant design and site-DS does not seem to have a significant impact of implant stability in artificial dense bone blocks.