Reactive oxygen species on transition metal-based catalysts for sustainable environmental applications

Tailoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in a controlled manner is essential in chemical synthesis and environmental applications. In this paper, we begin with an overview of four ROS, and summarize methods and various precursors (e.g., O-2, H2O2, and persulfate) to generate particular ROS. We then examine the use of the ROS in the degradation of pollutants and in the synthesis of value-added chemicals. We highlight the use and mechanism response of transition metal catalysts, generally developed with defect engineering, in advancing AOPs. We conclude with an outlook of current challenges and future perspectives of applying ROS in AOPs. We anticipate this review to inspire researchers to develop green, safe, and efficient ROS systems for sustainable environmental applications.