The Mythical Number Two

被引:242
作者
Melnikoff, David E. [1 ]
Bargh, John A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
关键词
DUAL-PROCESS THEORIES; IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST; WORKING-MEMORY; AUTOMATIC EVALUATION; EXPLICIT ATTITUDES; DECISION-MAKING; MORAL JUDGMENT; COGNITIVE LOAD; PROCESS MODEL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES;
D O I
10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.001
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
It is often said that there are two types of psychological processes: one that is intentional, controllable, conscious, and inefficient, and another that is unintentional, uncontrollable, unconscious, and efficient. Yet, there have been persistent and increasing objections to this widely influential dual-process typology. Critics point out that the 'two types' framework lacks empirical support, contradicts well-established findings, and is internally incoherent. Moreover, the untested and untenable assumption that psychological phenomena can be partitioned into two types, we argue, has the consequence of systematically thwarting scientific progress. It is time that we as a field come to terms with these issues. In short, the dual-process typology is a convenient and seductive myth, and we think cognitive science can do better.
引用
收藏
页码:280 / 293
页数:14
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