Challenges to the Reforestation Pipeline in the United States

被引：92

作者：

Fargione, Joseph ^{[1
]}

Haase, Diane L. ^{[2
]}

Burney, Owen T. ^{[3
]}

Kildisheva, Olga A. ^{[4
]}

Edge, Greg ^{[5
]}

Cook-Patton, Susan C. ^{[6
]}

Chapman, Teresa ^{[7
]}

Rempel, Austin ^{[8
]}

Hurteau, Matthew D. ^{[9
]}

Davis, Kimberley T. ^{[10
]}

Dobrowski, Solomon ^{[11
]}

Enebak, Scott ^{[12
]}

De La Torre, Rafael ^{[13
]}

Bhuta, Arvind A. R. ^{[14
]}

Cubbage, Frederick ^{[15
]}

Kittler, Brian ^{[8
]}

Zhang, Daowei ^{[16
]}

Guldin, Richard W. ^{[17
]}

机构：

[1] Nature Conservancy, North Amer Reg Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA

[2] US Forest Serv, Reforestat Nurseries & Genet Resources, USDA, Portland, OR USA

[3] New Mexico State Univ, John T Harrington Forestry Res Ctr, Mora, NM USA

[4] Nature Conservancy, Sagebrush Sea Program, Bend, OR USA

[5] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, La Crosse, WI USA

[6] Nature Conservancy, Nat Climate Solut Sci, Arlington, VA USA

[7] Nature Conservancy, Colorado Chapter, Boulder, CO USA

[8] Amer Forests, Washington, DC USA

[9] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[10] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA

[11] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA

[12] Auburn Univ, Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperat, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA

[13] ArborGen Inc, Forest Planning & Anal, Ridgeville, SC USA

[14] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA

[15] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA

[16] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA

[17] Guldin Forestry LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA

来源：

FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE | 2021年 / 4卷

关键词：

afforestation; tree planting; nurseries; seedlings; land use; FOREST RESTORATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INCENTIVE PROGRAMS; APPLIED NUCLEATION; SEED; US; VEGETATION; SCALE;

D O I：

10.3389/ffgc.2021.629198

中图分类号：

Q14 [生态学（生物生态学）];

学科分类号：

071012 ; 0713 ;

摘要：

Large-scale global reforestation goals have been proposed to help mitigate climate change and provide other ecosystem services. To explore reforestation potential in the United States, we used GIS analyses, surveys of nursery managers and foresters, and literature synthesis to assess the opportunities and challenges associated with meeting proposed reforestation goals. We considered a scenario where 26 million hectares (64 million acres) of natural and agricultural lands are reforested by 2040 with 30 billion trees at an estimated cost of $33 ($24-$53) billion USD. Cost per hectare will vary by region, site conditions, and other factors. This scenario would require increasing the number of tree seedlings produced each year by 1.7 billion, a 2.3-fold increase over current nursery production levels. Additional investment (not included in the reforestation cost estimate) will be needed to expand capacity for seed collection, seedling production, workforce development, and improvements in pre- and post-planting practices. Achieving this scenario will require public support for investing in these activities and incentives for landowners.

引用

页数：18

共 158 条

[31] Ecological impacts of deer overabundance [J].

Côté, SD ;

Rooney, TP ;

Tremblay, JP ;

Dussault, C ;

Waller, DM .

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS, 2004, 35 :113-147

[32]

Croft M., 2018, PROTECTED AREAS DATA

[33]

Crombie N., 2019, OREGONIAN

[34]

Cunningham, 1975, RM150 USDA FOR SERV, P15, DOI [10.5962/bhl.title.99997, DOI 10.5962/BHL.TITLE.99997]

[35] Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions [J].

Cunningham, S. C. ;

Mac Nally, R. ;

Baker, P. J. ;

Cavagnaro, T. R. ;

Beringer, J. ;

Thomson, J. R. ;

Thompson, R. M. .

PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS, 2015, 17 (04) :301-317

[36] Examining the Compatibility between Forestry Incentive Programs in the US and the Practice of Sustainable Forest Management [J].

Daniels, Steven E. ;

Kilgore, Michael A. ;

Jacobson, Michael G. ;

Greene, John L. ;

Straka, Thomas J. .

FORESTS, 2010, 1 (01) :49-64

[37] Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration [J].

Davis, Kimberley T. ;

Dobrowski, Solomon Z. ;

Higuera, Philip E. ;

Holden, Zachary A. ;

Veblen, Thomas T. ;

Rother, Monica T. ;

Parks, Sean A. ;

Sala, Anna ;

Maneta, Marco P. .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2019, 116 (13) :6193-6198

[38] Survival, growth, and photosynthesis of tree seedlings competing with herbaceous vegetation along a water-light-nitrogen gradient [J].

Davis, MA ;

Wrage, KJ ;

Reich, PB ;

Tjoelker, MG ;

Schaeffer, T ;

Muermann, C .

PLANT ECOLOGY, 1999, 145 (02) :341-350

[39] Seed storage: maintaining seed viability and vigor for restoration use [J].

De Vitis, Marcello ;

Hay, Fiona R. ;

Dickie, John B. ;

Trivedi, Clare ;

Choi, Jaeyong ;

Fiegener, Rob .

RESTORATION ECOLOGY, 2020, 28 :S249-S255

[40] The European Native Seed Industry: Characterization and Perspectives in Grassland Restoration [J].

De Vitis, Marcello ;

Abbandonato, Holly ;

Dixon, Kingsley W. ;

Laverack, Giles ;

Bonomi, Costantino ;

Pedrini, Simone .

SUSTAINABILITY, 2017, 9 (10)

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →