Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19

被引：35

作者：

Kifer, Domagoj ^{[1
]}

Bugada, Dario ^{[2
]}

Villar-Garcia, Judit ^{[3
]}

Gudelj, Ivan ^{[4
]}

Menni, Cristina ^{[5
]}

Sudre, Carole ^{[5
]}

Vuckovic, Frano ^{[4
]}

Ugrina, Ivo ^{[6
]}

Lorini, Luca F. ^{[2
]}

Posso, Margarita ^{[3
]}

Bettinelli, Silvia ^{[2
]}

Ughi, Nicola ^{[7
]}

Maloberti, Alessandro ^{[7
,8
]}

Epis, Oscar ^{[7
]}

Giannattasio, Cristina ^{[7
,8
]}

Rossetti, Claudio ^{[7
]}

Kalogjera, Livije ^{[9
]}

Persec, Jasminka ^{[10
,11
]}

Ollivere, Luke ^{[12
,13
]}

Ollivere, Benjamin J. ^{[12
,13
]}

Yan, Huadong ^{[14
,15
]}

Cai, Ting ^{[14
]}

Aithal, Guruprasad P. ^{[12
,13
]}

Steves, Claire J. ^{[5
]}

Kantele, Anu ^{[16
]}

Kajova, Mikael ^{[16
]}

Vapalahti, Olli ^{[17
,18
]}

Sajantila, Antti ^{[19
,20
]}

Wojtowicz, Rafal ^{[21
]}

Wierzba, Waldemar ^{[21
]}

Krol, Zbigniew ^{[21
]}

Zaczynski, Artur ^{[21
]}

Zycinska, Katarina ^{[21
,22
]}

Postula, Marek ^{[23
]}

Luksic, Ivica ^{[24
]}

Civljak, Rok ^{[25
,26
,27
]}

Markotic, Alemka ^{[25
]}

Brachmann, Johannes ^{[28
,29
]}

Markl, Andreas ^{[28
]}

Mahnkopf, Christian ^{[28
]}

Murray, Benjamin ^{[30
]}

Ourselin, Sebastien ^{[30
]}

Valdes, Ana M. ^{[12
,13
]}

Horcajada, Juan P. ^{[3
]}

Castells, Xavier ^{[3
]}

Pascual, Julio ^{[3
]}

Allegri, Massimo ^{[31
]}

Primorac, Dragan ^{[28
,29
,32
,33
,34
,35
]}

Spector, Tim D. ^{[5
]}

Barrios, Clara ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Zagreb, Fac Pharm & Biochem, Zagreb, Croatia

[2] Azienda Socio Sanitaria Terr Papa Giovann, Emergency & Intens Care Dept, Bergamo, Italy

[3] Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Hosp del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

[4] Genos Glycosci Res Lab, Zagreb, Croatia

[5] Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London, England

[6] Univ Split, Fac Sci, Split, Croatia

[7] Azienda Socio Sanitaria Terr Grande Osped Metropo, Milan, Italy

[8] Milano Bicocca Univ, Sch Med & Surg, Milan, Italy

[9] Univ Hosp Ctr Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Zagreb, Croatia

[10] Univ Hosp Dubrava Zagreb, Clin Dept Anesthesiol Reanimatol & Intens Care Me, Zagreb, Croatia

[11] Univ Zagreb, Sch Dent Med, Zagreb, Croatia

[12] Nottingham Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Nottingham Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England

[13] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, England

[14] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Diag & Treatment Digest Syst Tumors Zheji, Dept Infect Dis, Hwamei Hosp, Ningbo, Peoples R China

[15] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Life & Hlth Ind, Ningbo, Peoples R China

[16] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Univ Hosp, Inflammat Ctr, Helsinki, Finland

[17] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Virol, Helsingin Ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Diagnost, Helsinki, Finland

[18] Univ Helsinki, Dept Vet Biosci, Helsinki, Finland

[19] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forens Med, Helsinki, Finland

[20] Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Forens Med Unit, Helsinki, Finland

[21] Minist Interior & Adm, Cent Clin Hosp, Warsaw, Poland

[22] Med Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

[23] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Ctr Preclin Res & Technol CEPT, Warsaw, Poland

[24] Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Dubrava, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia

[25] Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis Fran Mihaljev, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia

[26] Catholic Univ Croatia, Univ Hosp Infect Dis Fran Mihaljev, Zagreb, Croatia

[27] Univ Rijeka, Med Sch, Rijeka, Croatia

[28] REGIOMED Kliniken, Coburg, Germany

[29] Univ Split, Sch Med, Split, Croatia

[30] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Sci, London, England

[31] Policlin Monza Hosp, Pain Therapy Serv, Monza, Italy

[32] St Catharine Hosp, Zagreb, Croatia

[33] Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[34] Univ Osijek, Sch Med, Osijek, Croatia

[35] Univ Rijeka, Sch Med, Fac Dent Med & Hlth, Rijeka, Croatia

来源：

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE | 2021年 / 7卷

基金：

英国惠康基金; 英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

COVID-19; seasonality; mortality; mucins; humidity; INFLUENZA; HUMIDITY; QUALITY; BARRIER;

D O I：

10.3389/fmed.2020.607786

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 ; 100201 ;

摘要：

Background: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented. Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application. Findings: Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973-0.988, p < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1 degrees C to be 0.854 (0.773-0.944, p = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time. Interpretation: Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation.

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页数：10

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