Posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion of a neuromuscular scoliosis in a patient with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis

Study Design. A case report of a patient with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and neuromuscular scoliosis who required surgical instrumentation and fusion of her spine. Objective. To illustrate the surgical technique and long-term outcome this rare form of spinal deformity. Summary of Background Data. Osteopetrosis is a group of rare skeletal dysplasias characterized clinically by skeletal osteosclerosis that is classically described in appearance as "marble bone." Despite the ubiquitous involvement of the vertebra, clinical manifestations of , spinal involvement are uncommon. We present the case of an osteopetrotic patient with neuromuscular scoliosis who required surgical correction of her progressive deformity. There are no prior reports in the literature concerning operative or nonoperative management of scoliosis in this patient population. Methods. The surgical technique utilized as well as the patient's response to surgical management of her scoliosis is presented with 5 year follow-up. Results. The patient underwent a successful T4 to L1 posterior spine fusion and instrumentation using Luque rods, sublaminar wires and allograft bone augmentation. At 5 years following her index procedure, she is clinically and radiographically fused. Conclusion. Patients with osteopetrosis present unique surgical challenges during surgical correction of spinal deformities. The use of segmental sublaminar wires with 1/4-inch rods and crosslinks afforded stable fixation despite poor bone quality. Allograft bone combined with postoperative bracing resulted in a well-maintained correction ana a solid fusion. Five year follow-up and continued radiographic evidence of stable fusion indicate that the presented approach can lead to a successful outcome in the osteopetrotic patient population.