Prospective evaluation of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in recurrent vasovagal and unexplained syncope

Syncope is experienced by a third of the population, and in the absence of cardiac pathology is most commonly of vasovagal (VVS) or unexplained origin (US). Psychiatric morbidity has been observed in up to 81% of patients with US but findings with VVS are contradictory. Little is known regarding the chronicity of their psychiatric morbidity. Objective: To determine the psychological profile of patients with recurrent syncope prior to and following diagnostic head-up tilt testing (HUT), and whether it predicts syncope recurrence. Method: Seventy-three women and 43 men (mean age=48 +/- 16.6) were recruited from all consenting patients referred for HUT. Psychological status (Psychiatric Symptom Index, Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Fear of Blood Injury Subscale) and presence of mood/anxiety disorders (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) were evaluated I month prior to and 6 months following HUT. Follow-up data were collected for 83 patients (mean age=48 +/- 17.34). Results: At baseline, clinically significant levels of distress were observed in 60% of patients. Those with US (negative HUT) had a fivefold greater risk of suffering from a depressive or anxiety disorder compared to VVS (positive HUT) after controlling for significant covariates. There was no significant change in distress level over follow-up, although psychiatric morbidity dropped from 33% to 22% (P=.049). Syncope recurrence was predicted by elevations in baseline psychological distress (OR=1.544, P=.013) independently of lifetime number of syncopes. Conclusions: Patients exhibited high levels of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity despite reassurance and education received after HUT. Improved screening for and treatment of psychological distress in these patients is critical. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.