Preventive interventions targeting cannabis use and related harms in people with psychosis: A systematic review

Aim While most users will not experience severe adverse health outcomes from cannabis, it can be associated with negative outcomes in people with psychosis. People with psychosis who use cannabis have more severe psychiatric symptoms, higher rates of hospitalization, and diminished psychosocial functioning compared to those who do not use cannabis. Most studies of people with psychotic disorders have focused on cannabis use treatments and only a few on preventive interventions for cannabis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions focusing on cannabis use for people with psychosis. Methods We searched CINAHL Plus, EBM reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and PubMed databases for controlled studies assessing the effects of preventive interventions on cannabis use and related harms in people with psychosis. We conducted the search using a combination of the following concepts: cannabis, psychosis, intervention and prevention. Risk of bias was assessed. Results The search yielded 11 460 unique studies. Of these, five studies met our eligibility criteria. None of the studies demonstrated clear efficacy of prevention interventions in reducing cannabis use, and none measured cannabis-related harms. All studies had high risk of bias. Conclusion The small number of studies and the considerable risk of bias made it difficult to conclude whether any of the existing interventions were promising. With increased acceptance and accessibility of cannabis due to liberalizing cannabis policies, it is imperative to improve the evidence base for preventive interventions, in particular their effectiveness in decreasing the risk of cannabis-related harms in people with psychosis.