Effects of analgesics on the plantar incision-induced drop of the noxious heat threshold measured with an increasing-temperature water bath in the rat

The behavioural noxious heat threshold i.e. the lowest temperature evoking nocifensive behaviour was previously shown to decrease in short-lasting, but not in sustained, inflammatory thermal hyperalgesias. The aim of this study was to examine whether the surgical incision-induced lasting heat hyperalgesia involves a drop of the heat threshold and to assess the effects of conventional opioid and non-opioid analgesics in this model. One of the hind paws of rats was immersed into a water bath whose temperature was near-linearly increased from 30 degrees C until the animal withdrew its paw from the water. The corresponding bath temperature was considered as the behavioural noxious heat threshold. Hyperalgesia to heat was induced by a standardized plantar surgical incision performed under pentobarbital anaesthesia which led to a 5-7 degrees C decrease of the noxious heat threshold for seven days. Morphine, diclofenac, and paracetamol administered intraperitoneally 18 h after incision dose-dependently inhibited the drop of heat threshold with minimum effective doses of 0.3, 1, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, as assessed 20, 30 and 40 min after treatment. Thermal hyperalgesia was also decreased by intraplantar treatment with morphine (10 mu g) or diclofenac (100 mu g). In conclusion, the incision-induced sustained thermal hyperalgesia in rats involves a drop of the heat threshold suggesting that mechanisms of postsurgical pain are distinct from those of pure inflammatory pain. The thermal anti hyperalgesic actions of systemically and/or locally applied morphine, diclofenac and paracetamol could be detected with high temporal resolution and sensitivity in this model. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.