Noninvasive measurement of muscle high-energy phosphates and glycogen concentrations in elite soccer players by 31P- and 13C-MRS

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure noninvasively the absolute concentrations of muscle adenosine triphosphate [ATP], phosphocreatine [PCr], inorganic phosphate (Pi), and glycogen [Gly] of elite soccer players. Methods: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31-,d C-13-MRS) was used to measure the concentrations of metabolites in the calf muscles of 18 young male players [age = 17.5 +/- 1.0 (SD) yr]. Results: Average muscle [PCr] and [ATP] were 17.8 +/- 3.3 and 6.0 +/- 1.2 mmol . (kg wet weight)(-1), respectively. The ratios of Pi/PCr and PCr/ATP were 0.15 +/- 0.05 and 3.00 +/- 0.26, respectively. The muscle [Gly] was 144 +/- 54 mmol(kg wet weight)(-1). There was a high correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) between muscle ATP and PCr concentrations, but there was no correlation between [Gly] and [PCr] or [ATP]. The concentrations of the different metabolites determined in the present study with noninvasive MRS methods were within the ranges of values reported in human muscle from biochemical analysis of muscle biopsies. Conclusion: MRS methods can be utilized to assess noninvasively the muscle energetic status of elite soccer players during a soccer season. The high correlation between ATP and PCr might be indicative of fiber type differences in the content of these two metabolites.