Global Heat Wave Hazard Considering Humidity Effects during the 21st Century

被引:36
作者
Chen, Xi [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Li, Ning [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Liu, Jiawei [4 ]
Zhang, Zhengtao [5 ]
Liu, Yuan [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Normal Univ, Minist Emergency Management, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[3] Beijing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China
[4] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ KLME Joint Int Res Lab Climate & Envi, CIC FEMD, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[5] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
heat waves; humidity; future scenarios; global; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; PROJECTIONS; MORTALITY; FREQUENT; HEALTH; LONGER; MODEL; RISK;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph16091513
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Humidity is a significant factor contributing to heat stress, but without enough consideration in studies of quantifying heat hazard or heat risk assessment. Here, the simplified wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) considering joint effects of temperature and humidity was utilized as a heat index and the number of annual total heat wave days (HWDs) was employed to quantify heat hazard. In order to evaluate the humidity effects on heat waves, we quantified the difference in the number of HWDs over global land based on air temperature and WBGT. Spatial and temporal changes in surface air temperature, relative humidity, WBGT, and the difference in HWDs were analyzed using multi-model simulations for the reference period (1986-2005) and different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Our analysis suggests that annual mean WBGT has been increasing since 1986, which is consistent with the rising trend in surface air temperature despite a slight decrease in relative humidity. Additionally, changes in annual mean WBGT are smaller and more spatially uniform than those in annual mean air temperature as a cancelation effect between temperature and water vapor. Results show that there is an underestimation of around 40-140 days in the number of HWDs per year in most regions within 15 degrees latitude of the equator (the humid and warm tropics) during 2076-2095 without considering humidity effects. However, the estimation of HWDs has limited distinction between using WBGT and temperature alone in arid or cold regions.
引用
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页数:11
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