Finnish translation and validation of the FACE-Q Eye module

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to first produce and cross-culturally validate a Finnish version of the FACE-Q Eye module, a patient-reported outcome measure designed for patients undergoing eyelid surgery for esthetic reasons, and second assess the suitability of this instrument for use in a university hospital setting. Material and Methods: The FACE-Q Eye module and the general FACE-Q components Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Appearance-Related Psychosocial Distress, and Satisfaction with Outcome were translated according to established guidelines. A postal survey study was conducted with the translated instrument and the generic health-related quality of life instrument 15D on 245 patients operated in the Helsinki University Hospital between 2009 and 2019. Cronbach's alpha, floor and ceiling effects, measurement reliability with repeat administration, and convergence with 15D dimensions were analyzed. Results: The FACE-Q Eye module and general components translated readily into Finnish. Eighty-one patients (33%) responded to the survey, most of whom (78%) had undergone blepharoplasty. Most subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas 0.79-0.96. A ceiling effect was observed for four of the seven subscales evaluated. Intra-class correlation coefficients were high (0.82-0.91) indicating good reliability. Results of the FACE-Q subscales correlated at best moderately with the 15D dimensions. Conclusion: The Finnish versions of the FACE-Q Eye module and the FACE-Q components Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Appearance-Related Psychosocial Distress, and Satisfaction with Outcome perform well when assessing outcomes relevant to patients after eyelid surgery. However, when used in patients operated on for mainly functional reasons, subtle variations may be missed.