Surgical ciliated cyst after maxillary orthognathic surgery: a literature review and case report

Purpose Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla is a rare complication following surgical procedures or trauma involving the maxillary sinus. The surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla is a rare lesion and appears as a delayed complication after surgery in the maxillary sinus, midface osteotomies, traumatic tooth extraction and maxillary fractures. Case report and literature review We report a case that occurred 5 years after a maxillary sinus surgery in a Caucasian Female. A well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the right anterior maxilla was noted in cone beam image associated to osteosynthesis material. The lesion was completely excised, and upon histological examination, findings were consistent with Ciliated cyst. The PubMed database was searched for PMC within the last 15 years. Results Together with the current case, we found 18 reports including 21 patients describing PMC. It wasdiagnosed at a mean time of 22 years after causal surgery at a mean age of 47 years. The main radiologicalsign was a unilocular radiolucency. Discussion This lesion may present histologically different epithelial linings, but respiratory epithelium was the most frequent. The most important clinical and pathological features of these conditions are also discussed. Conclusion Although surgical ciliated cysts have only rarely been reported after orthognathic surgery, anincreased awareness of this possibility is necessary to avoid delays in diagnosis.