Results from the Mars Phoenix Lander Robotic Arm experiment

被引:90
作者
Arvidson, R. E. [1 ]
Bonitz, R. G. [2 ]
Robinson, M. L. [2 ]
Carsten, J. L. [2 ]
Volpe, R. A. [2 ]
Trebi-Ollennu, A. [2 ]
Mellon, M. T. [7 ]
Chu, P. C. [3 ]
Davis, K. R. [3 ]
Wilson, J. J. [3 ]
Shaw, A. S. [1 ]
Greenberger, R. N. [1 ]
Siebach, K. L. [1 ]
Stein, T. C. [1 ]
Cull, S. C. [1 ]
Goetz, W. [4 ]
Morris, R. V. [8 ]
Ming, D. W. [8 ]
Keller, H. U. [4 ]
Lemmon, M. T. [5 ]
Sizemore, H. G. [7 ]
Mehta, M. [6 ]
机构
[1] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[2] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[3] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, New York, NY 10001 USA
[4] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany
[5] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[6] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[7] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
[8] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77508 USA
基金
美国国家航空航天局;
关键词
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MARTIAN SURFACE; LANDING SITE; SOIL; LOCALIZATION;
D O I
10.1029/2009JE003408
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
The Mars Phoenix Lander was equipped with a 2.4 m Robotic Arm (RA) with an Icy Soil Acquisition Device capable of excavating trenches in soil deposits, grooming hard icy soil surfaces with a scraper blade, and acquiring icy soil samples using a rasp tool. A camera capable of imaging the scoop interior and a thermal and electrical conductivity probe were also included on the RA. A dozen trench complexes were excavated at the northern plains landing site and 31 samples (including water-ice-bearing soils) were acquired for delivery to instruments on the Lander during the 152 sol mission. Deliveries included sprinkling material from several centimeters height to break up cloddy soils on impact with instrument portals. Excavations were done on the side of the Humpty Dumpty and the top of the Wonderland polygons, and in nearby troughs. Resistive forces encountered during backhoe operations show that soils above the 3-5 cm deep icy soil interfaces are stronger with increasing depth. Further, soils are similar in appearance and properties to the weakly cohesive crusty and cloddy soils imaged and excavated by the Viking Lander 2, which also landed on the northern plains. Adsorbed H2O is inferred to be responsible for the variable nature and cohesive strength of the soils. Backhoe blade chatter marks on excavated icy soil surfaces, combined with rasp motor currents, are consistent with laboratory experiments using grain-supported icy soil deposits, as is the relatively rapid decrease in icy soil strength over time as the ice sublimated on Mars.
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页数:21
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