Ecological Assessment of Different Types of Wetlands and Ecotourism Sustainable Development in Heilongjiang Province

The evaluation of wetland ecological environment is of great importance to realize the effective management and sustainable development of wetland. It can not only help to make clear the current situation of management and conservation of wetland, but also be an early warning of the natural environment changes of the wetland in the future. Zhalong wetland, Xingkaihu wetland and Nanwenghe wetland have been selected as the research objects in this paper, which represent marsh, Lake Wetland, and river wetland, separately. The authors evaluate ecological environment of different types of wetland in Heilongjiang province in the six aspects, i.e. diversity, representativeness, rarity, naturalness, suitability, and surviving threat. The results show that ecological environment in Nanwenghe wetland is better than Xingkaihu wetland, which is better than Zhalong wetland. The formation and evolvement of different types of wetlands determine the difference of ecosystem stability. However, tourism development and human activity are also main reasons which lead to ecological environment destruction. In order to achieve a sustainable, healthy, rapid development of ecotourism in Heilongjiang province, measures and suggestions are put forward, such as restore and protect ecological environment, strengthen professional education, enhance the propaganda, improve the infrastructure, raise the research level, and establish dynamic monitoring system, etc.