Culture of embryos and shoot tips for chromosome doubling in Lolium perenne and sterile hybrids between Lolium and Festuca

An improved method is reported for polyploid induction in Lolium (ryegrass), and in sterile F-1, hybrids between Lolium and Festuca (fescue). Two factors greatly increased the survival rate of colchicine-treated embryos of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) germinated and cultured in vitro: (1) a high concentration of sucrose (100 g/l) in the germination medium and (2), maintenance at a low temperature of 10 degrees C for 2 weeks after treatment. The maximum success rate for chromosome doubling among survivors of perennial ryegrass was 79.1%, and for L. perenne x Festuca arundinacea F-1, hybrid embryos it exceeded 40%. The same doubling treatment also works with shoot tip culture in non-flowering genotypes obtained by anther culture of L. multiflorum x F. arundinacea hybrids.