Evaluating Multi-Sensors Spectral and Spatial Resolutions for Tree Species Diversity Prediction

Forests contribute significantly to terrestrial biodiversity conservation. Monitoring of tree species diversity is vital due to climate change factors. Remote sensing imagery is a means of data collection for predicting diversity of tree species. Since various sensors have different spectral and spatial resolutions, it is worth comparing them to ascertain which could influence the accuracy of prediction of tree species diversity. Hence, this study evaluated the influence of the spectral and spatial resolutions of PlanetScope, RapidEye, Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 images in diversity prediction based on the Shannon diversity index (H '), Simpson diversity Index (D-1) and Species richness (S). The Random Forest regression was applied for the prediction using the spectral bands of the sensors as variables. The Sentinel 2 was the best image, producing the highest coefficient of determination (R-2) under both the Shannon Index (R-2 = 0.926) and the Species richness (R-2 = 0.923). Both the Sentinel and RapidEye produced comparable higher accuracy for the Simpson Index (R-2 = 0.917 and R-2 = 0.915, respectively). The PlanetScope was the second-accurate for the Species richness (R-2 = 0.90), whiles the Landsat 8 was the least accurate for the three diversity indices. The outcomes of this study suggest that both the spectral and spatial resolutions influence prediction accuracies of satellite imagery.