Factors influencing smoking behaviour of online ride-hailing drivers in China: a cross-sectional analysis

Background: Online ride-hailing is a fast-developing new travel mode. However, tobacco control policies on its drivers remain underdeveloped. This study aims to reveal the status and determine the influencing factors of ride-hailing drivers' smoking behaviour to provide a basis for the formulation of tobacco control policies. Methods: We derived our cross-sectional data from an online survey of full-time ride-hailing drivers in China. We used a survey questionnaire to collect variables, including sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, health status, health behaviour, health literacy and smoking status. Finally, we analysed the influencing factors of current smoking by conducting chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 8990 ride-hailing drivers have participated in the survey, in which 5024 were current smokers, accounting to 55.9%. Nearly one-third of smokers smoked in their cars (32.2%). The logistic regression analysis results were as follows: male drivers (OR=0.519, 95% CI [0.416, 0.647]), central regions (OR=1.172, 95% CI [1.049, 1.309]) and eastern regions (OR=1.330, 95% CI [1.194, 1.480]), working at both daytime and night (OR=1.287, 95% CI [1.164, 1.424]) and non-fixed time (OR=0.847, 95% CI [0.718, 0.999]), ages of 35-54years (OR=0.585, 95% CI [0.408, 0.829]), current drinker (OR=1.663, 95% CI [1.526, 1.813]), irregular eating habits (OR=1.370, 95% CI [1.233, 1.523]), the number of days in a week of engaging in at least 10min of moderate or vigorous exercise >= 3 (OR=0.752, 95% CI [0.646, 0.875]), taking the initiative to acquire health knowledge occasionally (OR=0.882, 95% CI [0.783, 0.992]) or frequently (OR=0.675, 95% CI [0.591, 0.770]) and underweight (OR=1.249, 95% CI [1.001, 1.559]) and overweight (OR=0.846, 95% CI [0.775, 0.924]) have association with the prevalence of current smoking amongst online ride-hailing drivers. Conclusion: The smoking rate of ride-hailing drivers was high. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics and health-related factors affected their smoking behaviour. Psychological and behavioural interventions can promote smoking control management and encourage drivers to quit or limit smoking. Online car-hailing companies can also establish a complaint mechanism combined with personal credit.