Rheumatology patients' perceptions of patient activation and the Patient Activation Measure: A qualitative interview study

Introduction: An important aspect of self-management is patient activation (the skills, abilities and confidence someone uses to actively manage their health). The dominant method of capturing patient activation is the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) which has been integrated into many aspects of clinical practice in musculoskeletal care. However, limited research has investigated how rheumatology patients understand and perform patient activation, and how closely their perceptions align with the PAM. Methods: Seventeen patients from two rheumatology departments in South West England participated in semi-structured interviews at two timepoints. They discussed how they actively managed their health and their views on the PAM. Data on activation were analysed using framework analysis and data on the PAM were analysed using content analysis. Results: Participants self-managed with determination, finding ways to make small, sustainable behaviour changes and effectively navigate the healthcare system. They reported the value of knowing what self-management techniques suited them individually and reported benefitting from positive perceptions of their own health and good social support. Participants noted that the PAM did not always capture the fluctuating nature of their inflammatory arthritis and the collaborative nature of healthcare. Conclusions: Patients' perceptions and experiences of patient activation covered a wide range of skills, behaviours and beliefs. However, these are not always captured by the PAM. Therefore, its use as a clinical tool is best accompanied by dialogue with patients to understand their self-management.