Energy Security Planning for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in Large-Scale Events: A Case Study of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Energy security planning is fundamental to safeguarding the traffic operation in large-scale events. To guarantee the promotion of green, zero-carbon, and environmental-friendly hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) in large-scale events, a five-stage planning method is proposed considering the demand and supply potential of hydrogen energy. Specifically, to meet the requirements of the large-scale events' demand, a new calculation approach is proposed to calculate the hydrogen amount and the distribution of hydrogen stations. In addition, energy supply is guaranteed from four aspects, namely hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen delivery, and hydrogen refueling. The emergency plan is established based on the overall support plan, which can realize multi-dimensional energy security. Furthermore, the planning method is demonstrative as it powers the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as the first "green" Olympic, providing both theoretical and practical evidence for the energy security planning of large-scale events. This study provides suggestions about ensuring the energy demand after the race, broadening the application scenarios, and accelerating the application of HFCVs.