Evaluation of potential feedstocks for sustainable biogas production in Ghana: Quantification, energy generation, and CO2 abatement

This study aimed at evaluating the potential biogas production from four main sources, in terms of the volume of methane for energy production and the equivalent avoidable carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 through to 2030. It was based on the projection of methane production from common livestock and poultry manure, possible landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and palm oil mill effluent. This paper uses sound and reliable methodology to estimate the biogas potential of these major resources, which could lead to significant achievement in environmental sustainability via biogas generation and carbon dioxide emission reduction. The results showed that a total of 690.7 million m(3) and 848.74 7 million m(3) of methane could be obtained from all the sources considered in 2020 and in 2030, respectively, which translates to about 1.84 TWh(el) and 2.28 TWh(el). It also meant that a total carbon dioxide equivalent emission of 12.36 million tCO(2)-eq and 15.82 million tCO(2)-eq could be avoided in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The results of this study therefore, show the remarkable contribution that biogas technology can make, as well as serve as an immediate technical information for policies makers, government agencies, and potential investors on the development of biogas technology in Ghana. Significant achievements can be made when comprehensive attempts are made so as to provide sustainable energy by integrating and improving livestock rearing, application of comprehensive solid and liquid waste management system and usage of best practices for managing agro-processing residues, which are integral part of the socio-economic activities in Ghana.