Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours

Background: The incidence of pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (pNETs) has increased considerably in the last few decades. The characteristic features of this tumour and the development of new investigative and therapeutic methods had a great impact on its management. Objective: The aim of this review is to investigate the outcome of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Methods: A comprehensive literature search strategy was used based on two databases (SCOPUS, and PubMed). We considered all studies published in English, evaluating the use of PRRT (177Luteciuim-DOTA-conjugated peptides and 90Yetrium- DOTA- conjugated peptides) in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours as a standalone entity or as a subgroup within the wider category of Gastroen-teropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (GEP NETs). Results: PRRT was found to be an effective treatment modality as a monotherapy or in combination with other therapies in the treatment of non-operable and metastatic pNETs where other options are limited. Complete response was reported to be between 2-6% while partial response was achieved in up to 60% of cases. Survival analysis was also impressive. Progression Free Survival (PFS) reached a mean of 34 months and Overall Survival (OS) of 53 months. PRRT also proved to improve patients' Quality of Life (QoL). Acute and sub-acute side effects like nephrotoxicity and haematotoxicity are usually mild and reversible. Conclusion: PRRT is well tolerated and effective treatment option for non-operable and/or metastatic pNETs. Side effects are usually mild and reversible. Larger randomized controlled trails need to be done to compare PRRT with other treatment modalities and to provide more detailed guidelines regarding patient selections, the choice of PRRT, follow up and response assessment to maximum potential benefit.