An object-oriented methodology to detect oil spills

A new automated methodology for oil spill detection is presented, by which full synthetic aperture radar (SAR) high-resolution image scenes can be processed. The methodology relies on the object-oriented approach and profits from image segmentation techniques to detected dark formations. The detection of dark formations is based on a threshold definition that is fully adaptive to local contrast and brightness of large image segments. For the detection process, two empirical formulas are developed that also permit the classification of oil spills according to their brightness. A fuzzy classification method is used to classify dark formations as oil spills or look-alikes. Dark formations are not isolated and features of both dark areas and sea environment are considered. Various sea environments that affect oil spill shape and boundaries are grouped in two knowledge bases, used for the classification of dark formations. The accuracy of the method for the 12 SAR images used is 99.5% for the class of oil spills, and 98.8% for that of look-alikes. Fresh oil spills, fresh spills affected by natural phenomena, oil spills without clear stripping, small linear oil spills, oil spills with broken parts and amorphous oil spills can be successfully detected.