Histones: Annotating Chromatin

被引：628

作者：

Campos, Eric I. ^{[1
]}

Reinberg, Danny ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA

来源：

ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS | 2009年 / 43卷

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

nucleosome; heterochromatin; euchromatin; transcription; epigenetic; posttranslational modifications; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; INACTIVE X-CHROMOSOME; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX; HIGHER-ORDER STRUCTURE; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; HOX GENE-REGULATION; CENP-A; PERICENTRIC HETEROCHROMATIN;

D O I：

10.1146/annurev.genet.032608.103928

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Chromatin is a highly regulated nucleoprotein complex through which genetic material is structured and maneuvered to elicit cellular processes, including transcription, cell division, differentiation, and DNA repair. In eukaryotes, the core of this structure is composed of nucleosomes, or repetitive histone octamer units typically enfolded by 147 base pairs of DNA. DNA is arranged and indexed through these nucleosomal structures to adjust local chromatin compaction and accessibility. Histones are subject to multiple covalent posttranslational modifications, some of which alter intrinsic chromatin properties, others of,which present or hinder binding modules for non-histone, chromatin-modifying complexes. Although certain histone marks correlate with different biological outputs, we have yet to fully appreciate their effects oil transcription and other cellular processes. Tremendous advancements over the past years have uncovered intriguing histone-related matters and raised important related questions. This review revisits past breakthroughs and discusses novel developments that pertain to histone posttranslational modifications and the affects they have oil transcription and UNA Packaging.

引用

页码：559 / 599

页数：41

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