IMPORTANCE OF ANGIOGENESIS IN THE DESIGN OF SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

Hematoma, inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis are different stages that overlap during the healing process of a bone fracture. During the first stages, different chemoattractant growth factors are released which produce the recruitment of various cells that will induce the formation of a functional bone with its respective vasculature. Due to the importance of angiogenesis for the development of an adequate vascular network in both bone formation and repair, in recent years specialists in bone tissue engineering have studied how to promoteboth osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone repair. In this review, the main concepts on different strategies developed to achieve a synthetic implant with dual functionality, promoting processes that guarantee angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a coupled way using different types of scaffolds and osteo-drug delivery systems and angioinductors, are collected and discussed. The dual release for osteoinductive and angioinductive factors must ensure the release of them in a controlled time-space manner to guarantee the desired effects without producing adverse effects such as tumors or ectopic bone. Several factors must be taken into account, such as bone type and architecture, type of damage to be repaired, age, sex, and pathological conditions of the patient. Regarding the materials, the type of material to be used as scaffolds, selected inducing factors and drug release system must be considered. Advances in these studies will make Bone Tissue Engineering a therapeutic alternative in the future.