Towards an Energy Self-Sufficient Resource Recovery Facility by Improving Energy and Economic Balance of a Municipal WWTP with Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment

The recent trend of turning wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into energy self-sufficient resource recovery facilities has led to a constant search for solutions that fit into that concept. One of them is chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), which provides an opportunity to increase biogas production and to significantly reduce the amount of sludge for final disposal. Laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials were conducted for the coagulation and sedimentation of primary sludge (PS) with iron sulphate (PIX). Energy and economic balance calculations were conducted based on the obtained results. Experimental trials indicated that CEPT contributed to an increase in biogas production by 21% and to a decrease in sludge volume for final disposal by 12% weight. Furthermore, the application of CEPT may lead to a decreased energy demand for aeration by 8%. The removal of nitrogen in an autotrophic manner in the side stream leads to a further reduction in energy consumption in WWTP (up to 20%). In consequence, the modeling results showed that it would be possible to increase the energy self-sufficiency for WWTP up to 93% if CEPT is applied or even higher (up to 96%) if, additionally, nitrogen removal in the side stream is implemented. It was concluded that CEPT would reduce the operating cost by over 650,000 EUR/year for WWTP at 1,000,000 people equivalent, with a municipal wastewater input of 105,000 m(3)/d.