Slags as Evidence for Copper Mining above Casaccia, Val Bregaglia (Central Alps)

被引:1
作者
Wenk, Hans-Rudolf [1 ]
Yu, Rong [1 ,2 ]
Tamura, Nobumichi [3 ]
Bischoff, Duni
Hunkeler, Walter
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Xian Polytech Univ, Sch Urban Planning & Municipal Engn, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[3] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
copper smelting; slags; Swiss alps; Casaccia; scanning electron microscopy; synchrotron X-rays; SMELTING SLAGS; LATE BRONZE; IRON-AGE; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM;
D O I
10.3390/min9050292
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Slags from the remote Mota Farun locality above Casaccia (Val Bregaglia, Swiss Alps) have been analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and microfocus synchrotron X-ray diffraction to determine mineralogical composition and microstructures. Non-magnetic slag samples are largely composed of euhedral and dendritic iron-rich olivine in a glassy matrix. Locally there are zones with globular inclusions rich in bornite ((Cu5Fe)S-4) and locally metallic copper. Some regions display dendritic pentlandite ((Fe,Ni)(9)S-8). Magnetic samples are mainly composed of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and wustite (FeO), with minor magnetite (Fe3O4). The mineralogical composition indicates that slags were the product of copper smelting. The slag compositions and morphologies are analogous to slags described from the Oberhalbstein (Graubunden, Switzerland) and the Trentino Alps (Italy) which are attributed to metallurgical exploitations of the Late Bronze Age. While the origin of the ore could not be determined, it may be related to ore deposits of chalcopyrite in greenschists and serpentinites in the vicinity, such as Alp Tgavretga (Septimer Pass) and Val Perossa (Val Bregaglia).
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页数:19
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