The morphology, systematic position and inferred biology of Spirematospermum - An extinct genus of Zingiberales

被引：22

作者：

Fischer, Thilo C. ^{[1
]}

Butzmann, Rainer

Meller, Barbara ^{[2
]}

Rattei, Thomas ^{[3
]}

Newman, Mark ^{[4
]}

Hoelscher, Dirk ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Munich, Biozentrum Bot, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany

[2] Geol Survey Austria, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

[3] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Genome Oriented Bioinformat, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany

[4] Royal Bot Gardens, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland

[5] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, D-07745 Jena, Germany

来源：

REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY | 2009年 / 157卷 / 3-4期

关键词：

Cretaceous; Miocene; Musaceae; Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer 1859); Chandler; 1925; Zingiberales; EOCENE; BANANA; SEED; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; ANATOMY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.06.010

中图分类号：

Q94 [植物学];

学科分类号：

071001 ;

摘要：

A new extraordinary mass occurrence of Spirematospermum wetzleri capsules from the Middle Miocene of Ponholz (Germany) allowed comprehensive studies of this intriguing Zingiberalean species to be carried out. Parietal placentation, flower remains and a dual generative reproductive strategy by seed dispersal and capsule abscission were found. The petiole anatomy and a putative pollen grain of S. wetzleri are described. Fossil rhizomes and Zingiberales-type leaves are associated. Phytoliths of seeds. leaves, and rhizome sheaths are described and compared to extant Zingiberales phytoliths. Analysis of characters places the fossils as sister to the clade of Musa and Ensete in the Musaceae. We propose a new Musaceae subfamily for Spirematospermum. Cluster analysis of 81 Eurasian Palaeogene and Neogene floras with Spirematospermum identified water-associated habitats and divergent plant associations distinctly changing from the Oligocene to the Pliocene. The extraordinary longevity of S. wetzleri is explained by its broad ecological amplitude. Its wide palaeobiogeographic and stratigraphic distributions are summarized and correlated with the Cretaceous or Paleocene North American extinction event and the final Pliocene Eurasian extinction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：391 / 426

页数：36

共 90 条

[1] [Anonymous], 2006, Phytolith. A comprehensive guide for archaeologist and paleoecologist
[2] [Anonymous], 1985, FAMILIES MONOCOTYLED, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-61663-1
[3] [Anonymous], MONOCOTS COMP BIOL E
[4] MUSOPSIS N-GEN - A BANANA-LIKE LEAF GENUS FROM THE EARLY TERTIARY OF EASTERN NORTH GREENLAND
BOYD, A
[J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 1992, 79 (12) : 1359 - 1367
[5] BURTT B L, 1972, Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, V31, P171
[6] CHANDLER M. E. J., 1961, BULL BRIT MUS [NAT HIST] GEOL, V5, P93
[7] PALEOFLORISTIC ASSEMBLAGES AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE LOWER OLIGOCENE BEMBRIDGE MARLS, HAMPSTEAD LEDGE, ISLE-OF-WIGHT
COLLINSON, ME
[J]. BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, 1983, 86 (1-2) : 177 - 225
[8] FRIEDRICH W L, 1970, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, V20, P192
[9] Friis EM., 1988, TERTIARY RES, V9, P7
[10] Goppert H.R., 1854, TERTIARFLORA INSEL J

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →