Pollinators enhance crop yield and shorten the growing season by modulating plant functional characteristics: A comparison of 23 canola varieties

被引:25
作者
Adamidis, George C. [1 ]
Cartar, Ralph V. [1 ]
Melathopoulos, Andony P. [2 ]
Pernal, Stephen F. [3 ]
Hoover, Shelley E. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada
[2] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[3] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Beaverlodge Res Farm, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada
[4] Alberta Agr & Forestry, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
关键词
BRASSICA-NAPUS; INSECT POLLINATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; SEED PRODUCTION; FRUIT ABORTION; ROOT BIOMASS; GROWTH; TRAITS;
D O I
10.1038/s41598-019-50811-y
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Insect pollination of flowers should change the within-season allocation of resources in plants. But the nature of this life-history response, particularly regarding allocation to roots, photosynthetic structures, and flowers, is empirically unresolved. This study uses a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effect of insect pollination on the reproductive output of 23 varieties of a globally important crop-canola (Brassica napus). Overall, insect pollination modified the functional characteristics (flower timing & effort, plant size & shape, seed packaging, root biomass) of canola, increasing seed production and quality, and pollinator dependence. Reproductive output and pollinator dependence were defined by strong trait trade-offs, which ranged from more pollinator-dependent plants favouring early reproductive effort, to less pollinator-dependent plants favouring a prolonged phenology with smaller plant size and lower seed quality. Seed production decreased with pollinator dependence in the absence of pollinators. The agricultural preference for hybrid varieties will increase seed production compared to open-pollinated varieties, but, even so, pollinators typically enhance seed production of both types. Our study elucidates how insect pollination alters the character and function of a globally important crop, supporting optimization of yield via intensification of insect pollination, and highlights the beneficial effects of insect pollination early in the season.
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收藏
页数:12
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