Optimization of weld conditions and alloy composition for welding of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys

Calculations were carried out to identify optimum welding conditions and weld alloy compositions to avoid stray grain formation during welding of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys. The calculations were performed using a combination of three models: a thermal model to describe the weld pool shape and the local thermal gradient and solidification front velocity; a geometric model to identify the local active dendrite growth variant, and a nucleation and growth model to describe the extent of stray grain formation ahead of the advancing solidification front. Optimum welding conditions (low weld power, high weld speed) were identified from the model calculations. Additional calculations were made to determine potential alloy modifications that reduce the solidification temperature range while maintaining high gamma prime content. The combination of optimum weld conditions and alloy compositions should allow for weld repair of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys without sacrificing properties or performance.