Indoor formaldehyde concentrations in urban China: Preliminary study of some important influencing factors

被引:106
作者
Huang, Shaodan [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Wei, Wenjuan [1 ,4 ]
Weschler, Louise B. [1 ,5 ]
Salthammer, Tunga [6 ]
Kan, Haidong [7 ]
Bu, Zhongming [8 ]
Zhang, Yinping [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Key Lab Indoor Air Qual Evaluat & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[3] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[4] Univ Paris Est, Sci & Tech Ctr Bldg CSTB, Hlth & Comfort Dept, French Indoor Air Qual Observ OQAI, 84 Ave Jean Jaures, F-77447 Champs Sur Marne, Marne La Vallee, France
[5] 161 Richdale Rd, Colts Neck, NJ 07722 USA
[6] Fraunhofer WKI, Dept Mat Anal & Indoor Chem, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany
[7] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China
[8] Chongqing Univ, Key Lab Three Gorges Reservoir Reg Ecoenvironm, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China
基金
中国博士后科学基金; 中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Indoor air quality; Indoor formaldehyde exposure; Building energy efficiency; Ventilation; INITIAL EMITTABLE CONCENTRATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; VOC EMISSIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT; EXPOSURE;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.187
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The Huai River and Qingling Mountain divide (H-Q) divide China into north and south with respect to public policies for building construction and operation practises. China's building energy efficiency standard mandates that air exchange rates be 0.5 h(-1) north of the H-Qdivide and 1 h(-1) south of the divide. China's heating policy allows space heating systems only north of the H-Q divide. Consequently, indoor temperature and humidity differ considerably between north and south. A theoretical model using indoor temperature, humidity, and air change rate was developed to predict indoor formaldehyde concentrations. Data for 39 cities were obtained from 42 studies. There was good agreement between the literature and modelling in a theoretical reference room. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) model was applied to estimate cancer risk from formaldehyde exposure indoors. The median indoor formaldehyde concentration for renovation ever from 2002 to 2015 in Chinese cities was 125 mu g/m(3), which is higher than the WHO threshold, 100 mu g/m(3). The median indoor formaldehyde concentrations in the north were higher than in the south (0.5 times higher for dwellings renovated within the past year and 0.2 times higher for renovation ever), driven by the much higher northern winter concentrations (40-1320%). The U.S.EPA model predicts that the lifetime formaldehyde related cancer risk for people living north of the H-Q divide is 12 times greater than for people living south. This can be partly explained by greater indoor exposure to formaldehyde for Chinese living north of the H-Q divide. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:394 / 405
页数:12
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