Recent trends and advances in solving the inverse problem for EEG source localization

This paper addresses the recent advancements and trends in the field of electroencephalography (EEG) using inverse problem solutions. Using the EEG data of the brain to gather the information regarding the neuronal current source distribution has been a persisting challenge. Since the EEG inverse problem is ill-posed in nature; therefore, it does not offer a unique result. A trivial and precise solution yields a detailed insight regarding the electrical activity as well as the damaged tissue in the brain. Ordinarily, this problem is solved using the regularization techniques, such as minimum norm estimates, mixed-norm estimate, low-resolution electrical tomography, artificial neural networks, and their modified variants. In this paper, the latest algorithmic developments in solving the EEG inverse problem are reviewed. The optimization rendered by these techniques in accurately solving the neural source localization problem is also discussed. The comparative performance analysis of the recent techniques has been presented. Furthermore, a number of future enhancements have also been proposed to further improve the performance of these state-of-the-art techniques.