Patient characteristics of non-operative anterior cruciate ligament injury associated with poor knee functions on activities of daily living: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: The ACL injury has commonly occurred in a greater number of athletes, less publication is about poor knee function and ACL injury in the patient with non-operative treatment. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with ACL injury non-operative, which are associated with poor knee function on daily living activities. Methods: We included patients with ACL injury that has been diagnosed for ACL injury by an orthopedic surgeon or physiotherapist in a hospital or private clinic. All participants were recruited from February 2019 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were patients who at least 18 years old. We used the KOOS ADL function cut-off score <= 80 to dichotomous the patient with knee problems, and score >80 have no statistical analysis problem. We calculated using binary logistic regression on the KOOS ADL function for each variable. Results: The mean score of KOOS daily living was 72.8 points, of which 66 participants had poor scores, and 37 were acceptable. Women were 9.2 times more likely to had poor KOOS daily living scores than men in non-operative ACL injury patients (p=0.044), and non-elite athletes had a higher possibility by 8.5 times higher than those who were participated in sports only for leisure or recreation (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients who did not undergo the ACL reconstruction had a poor knee function in daily living. It was associated with women and non-elite athlete participants, yet the concomitant injuries were possibly confounder for the association.