Coherent nonlinear scattering of energetic electrons in the process of whistler mode chorus generation

Cyclotron resonant wave-particle interaction of whistler mode chorus emissions drives pitch angle scatterings of a wide range of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere. We study a coherent scattering process associated with generation of the whistler mode rising chorus emissions near the geomagnetic equator in a self-consistent electromagnetic full-particle simulation. The simulation shows that coherent whistler mode rising chorus emissions scatter energetic electrons very effectively through formation of an electromagnetic electron hole. The nonlinear interaction induces acceleration of resonant electrons trapped by the wave and deceleration of untrapped resonant electrons. When the frequency of a rising chorus element continuously increases in time from lower frequencies to higher frequencies, the parallel resonant velocity continuously decreases toward lower-velocity ranges resulting in significant scattering of resonant electrons. The lower limit of resonant parallel velocity is determined by the upper frequency limit of the rising chorus element. The unscattered electrons with low parallel velocities and the accelerated resonant electrons trapped by the wave result in the distribution clearly peaked at 90 degrees. Successive generation of rising chorus elements can scatter resonant electrons in the same resonance velocity range. The repeated scatterings make the distribution much sharper at 90 degrees, leading to formation of a pancake distribution function as observed in the inner magnetosphere.