Utilization of green reductant Thuja Orientalis for reduction of GO to RGO

It is well known that graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (RGO) are materials of today with immense application potentials. However, to realize the same large scale, reproducible, sustainable synthesis techniques such as greener methods which avoid utilization of toxic chemicals for synthesis, must be adopted. It is in this context, that here we report the reduction of GO to RGO by the extract of Thuja Orientalis (TO) seeds. As such, TO is a well-known bio-resource for medicinal and various other biotechnological applications as it contains Alpha Tocopherol, the major constituent of vitamin E. To the best of our knowledge, despite the wealth of literature, the current work makes a pioneering effort in applying TO seeds extract for reduction of GO to RGO. Thus, the reduction of GO, synthesized by the well-known modified Hummer?s method to RGO by TO extract, is confirmed from the results obtained by ultra-violet visible (UV?Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and especially, gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques. Furthermore, the GCMS study is used to identify the compound Alpha Tocopherol responsible for reduction of GO to RGO. Based on current experimental evidences and literature views, the possible mechanism of reduction is suggested. Finally, the implications of present studies in the perspective of large scale, sustainable synthesis of RGO for various technological applications are discussed.