An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in the southeast Atlantic basin

被引：117

作者：

Redemann, Jens ^{[1
]}

Wood, Robert ^{[2
]}

Zuidema, Paquita ^{[3
]}

Doherty, Sarah J. ^{[2
]}

Luna, Bernadette ^{[4
]}

LeBlanc, Samuel E. ^{[4
,5
]}

Diamond, Michael S. ^{[2
]}

Shinozuka, Yohei ^{[7
]}

Chang, Ian Y. ^{[1
]}

Ueyama, Rei ^{[4
]}

Pfister, Leonhard ^{[4
]}

Ryoo, Ju-Mee ^{[4
,36
]}

Dobracki, Amie N. ^{[3
]}

da Silva, Arlindo M. ^{[6
]}

Longo, Karla M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Kacenelenbogen, Meloe S. ^{[4
]}

Flynn, Connor J. ^{[1
]}

Pistone, Kristina ^{[4
,5
]}

Knox, Nichola M. ^{[8
]}

Piketh, Stuart J. ^{[9
]}

Haywood, James M. ^{[10
]}

Formenti, Paola ^{[11
]}

Mallet, Marc ^{[12
]}

Stier, Philip ^{[13
]}

Ackerman, Andrew S. ^{[14
]}

Bauer, Susanne E. ^{[14
]}

Fridlind, Ann M. ^{[14
]}

Carmichael, Gregory R. ^{[15
]}

Saide, Pablo E. ^{[16
,17
]}

Ferrada, Gonzalo A. ^{[15
]}

Howell, Steven G. ^{[18
]}

Freitag, Steffen ^{[18
]}

Cairns, Brian ^{[14
]}

Holben, Brent N. ^{[6
]}

Knobelspiesse, Kirk D. ^{[6
]}

Tanelli, Simone ^{[20
]}

L'Ecuyer, Tristan S. ^{[20
]}

Dzambo, Andrew M. ^{[20
]}

Sy, Ousmane O. ^{[19
]}

McFarquhar, Greg M. ^{[1
,39
]}

Poellot, Michael R. ^{[21
]}

Gupta, Siddhant ^{[1
]}

O'Brien, Joseph R. ^{[21
]}

Nenes, Athanasios ^{[22
,37
,38
]}

Kacarab, Mary ^{[22
]}

Wong, Jenny P. S. ^{[22
,23
]}

Small-Griswold, Jennifer D. ^{[24
]}

Thornhill, Kenneth L. ^{[25
,34
]}

Noone, David ^{[26
,35
]}

Podolske, James R. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA

[2] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[3] Univ Miami, Dept Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA

[4] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[5] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA USA

[6] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[7] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA

[8] Namibia Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geospatial Sci & Technol, Windhoek, Namibia

[9] North West Univ, Unit Environm Sci & Management, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa

[10] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England

[11] Univ Paris, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher LISA, Inst Pierre Simon Lapl,UMR CNRS 7583, Creteil, France

[12] Meteo France CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France

[13] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England

[14] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA

[15] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA

[16] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA

[17] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA

[18] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[19] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA

[20] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA

[21] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA

[22] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[23] Mt Allison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Sackville, NB, Canada

[24] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[25] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA

[26] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[27] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[28] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA

[29] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA

[30] Natl Suborbital Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA

[31] Tel Aviv Univ, Porter Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Tel Aviv, Israel

[32] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[33] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA

[34] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA

[35] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand

[36] Sci & Technol Corp, Moffett Field, CA USA

[37] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

[38] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion, Greece

[39] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2021年 / 21卷 / 03期

关键词：

BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOL; OPTICAL DEPTH; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DROPLET NUMBER; FIELD CAMPAIGN; BOUNDARY-LAYER;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Southern Africa produces almost a third of the Earth's biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles, yet the fate of these particles and their influence on regional and global climate is poorly understood. ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) is a 5-year NASA EVS-2 (Earth Venture Suborbital-2) investigation with three intensive observation periods designed to study key atmospheric processes that determine the climate impacts of these aerosols. During the Southern Hemisphere winter and spring (June-October), aerosol particles reaching 3-5 km in altitude are transported westward over the southeast Atlantic, where they interact with one of the largest subtropical stratocumulus (Sc) cloud decks in the world. The representation of these interactions in climate models remains highly uncertain in part due to a scarcity of observational constraints on aerosol and cloud properties, as well as due to the parameterized treatment of physical processes. Three ORACLES deployments by the NASA P-3 aircraft in September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018 (totaling similar to 350 science flight hours), augmented by the deployment of the NASA ER-2 aircraft for remote sensing in September 2016 (totaling similar to 100 science flight hours), were intended to help fill this observational gap. ORACLES focuses on three fundamental science themes centered on the climate effects of African BB aerosols: (a) direct aerosol radiative effects, (b) effects of aerosol absorption on atmospheric circulation and clouds, and (c) aerosol-cloud microphysical interactions. This paper summarizes the ORACLES science objectives, describes the project implementation, provides an overview of the flights and measurements in each deployment, and highlights the integrative modeling efforts from cloud to global scales to address science objectives. Significant new findings on the vertical structure of BB aerosol physical and chemical properties, chemical aging, cloud condensation nuclei, rain and precipitation statistics, and aerosol indirect effects are emphasized, but their detailed descriptions are the subject of separate publications. The main purpose of this paper is to familiarize the broader scientific community with the ORACLES project and the dataset it produced.

引用

页码：1507 / 1563

页数：57

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