Signal transduction from multiple Ras effectors

Ras proteins activate a signaling cascade through direct binding of the serine/threonine kinase Raf. They also activate additional signaling pathways that are essential for full biological activity. Candidate effecters for these pathways include RalGDS and phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase, as well as several other Ras binding proteins the biochemical and biological properties of which are poorly understood.