METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCE OF MODERN TIME

In the formation of the archaeological source of Modern time on the materials of Russian sites in Siberia it is important to take into account the peculiarities of ethnographic (selectivity, different from archaeological methods of processing) and written (fragmentary) sources. This is especially important in the construction of typological structures, the interpretation of which should lie in a certain cultural landscape of the studied population. There are different typologies in available publications. The part is based on original archeological, as well as techniques developed for the ancient Russian materials, and the selected types are verified by ethnographic analogies, including written sources. Some typologies are built on ethnographic basis with the use of encyclopedic publications (assortment, purpose, name, use), and also museum collections. Archaeological object complexes in such typologies are processed according to archaeological requirements. The third are based on archaeological methods of material processing, but written and ethnographic sources cannot be used for their interpretation. Different approaches to systematization of archaeological collections do not allow to get a complete picture in the study of elements of life support systems and culture of everyday life. Although there are successful examples of typologies that complement each other, for example, in the study of smoking accessories. Some subject complexes (ceramics, steels) continued to be used in the 20th century. Systematization of fire apparatus due to a small variety of types proved to be representative. Typologies of archaeological ceramics are diverse and poorly comparable with ethnography, so to solve the problem of their systematization requires additional research, including natural scientific methods. Classification of nails with orientation to modern standards shows that in the making of these items, despite the similar purpose, there were regional differences in production. There are serious difficulties in ethnographic interpretation of typologies of spiritual culture objects, such as cult casting. So far, the selected types have been studied more from the point of view of art history and historical and archeological context within the framework of the cultural layer of the site, funeral rites, confessional features, and technological traditions. The diversity of methodological approaches does not allow for comparative analysis of subject complexes in time and space. This problem is one of the most urgent in the archeology of Russians in Modern time.