Characterizations of ordered operator spaces

We demonstrate new abstract characterizations for unital and non-unital operator spares. We characterize unital operator spaces in terms of the cone of accretive operators (operators whose real part is positive). We show that matrix norms and accretive cones are induced by gauges, although inducing gauges are not unique in general. Finally, we show that completely positive completely contractive linear maps on non-unital operator spaces extend to any containing operator system if and only if the operator space is induced by a unique gauge. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.