A systems representation of the Circular Economy: Transition scenarios in the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) industry

The electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) industry requires a Circular Economy (CE) transition, and decision-makers need support to deal with the complexities of such change. The goal of this research is: (1) providing an SD-based conceptual model for CE systems that clarifies their potential for decelerated flow of resources; (2) providing a simulation model that enables gaining knowledge of the effects of the implementation of CE strategies on nationwide stocks and flows of EEE; and (3) discussing the capabilities of such a model to facilitate CE transitions. The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is used to conceptualise and operationalise CE systems grounded on adjacent theories as industrial ecology (IE) and sustainability transitions. In this research, the resulting Circular EEE SD Model used data from publicly available sources to represent the long-term (1980-2050) adoption of flat display panel TVs in the Netherlands in different scenarios. Diverging restoration infrastructure levels and diverging product lifetimes were examined. Results show that although no scenario led to full eco-economic decoupling, the Circular EEE SD Model enables decision-makers to create "what-if' scenarios to test their assumptions about the potential effects of CE strategies to achieving transitions. The model is fully available for verification, modification, and use.