The Relationship Between Lifestyle and Compliance with Colonoscopy in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Background: The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are at a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of developing the disease compared with the general population. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the lifestyle of colorectal cancer patients' FDRs and their compliance in colonoscopy screening test. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on FDRs of patients with colorectal cancer in one educational hospital, Tehran, Iran in duration 2018. A total of 114 patients' FDRs were consulted face to face by preventive medicine specialist and data collecting forms were fully completed. Three months later the FDRs were followed for undergoing colonoscopy screening test or decision to do it soon. Next, the relationship between lifestyle [BMI (body mass index), cigarette smoking, diet, physical activity], socioeconomic status (job, income, health insurance), and comorbidities with a tendency to participate in colonoscopy screening program assessed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, predictor factors for colonoscopy screening in FDRs were investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.18 software and the significance statistically was P < 0.05 in the all tests. Results: Overall, 57% of FDRs undergone colonoscopy tests up to time of study or they were tended to do it soon. In multivariable logistic regression, age < 50 years old (P = 0.01, OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01 -1.8), higher income (equal and more than 20 million Rials) (P < 0.001, OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.8 -11), appropriate physical activity (>= 150 minutes weekly) (P < 0.001, OR =5.2, 95%CI: 4.6 -17.5) and normal diet (intake of carbohydrate, fat, protein, fruit and vegetables) (P = 0.006, OR = 3.02, 95%CI: 2.9 - 6.6) were the predictor factors to compliance the FDRs for participation in colonoscopy screening program. Conclusions: Although in this study there was an association between lifestyle of FDRs and the compliance rate of colonoscopy screening test but according to the vulnerability of the relatives, more research in this field should be carried out.