Long-term functional outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation in older patients. Data from the Cardiac Rehabilitation in Advanced aGE: EXercise TRaining and Active follow-up (CR-AGE EXTRA) randomised study

Aim Cardiac rehabilitation promotes functional recovery after cardiac events. Our study aimed at evaluating whether, compared to usual care, a home-based exercise programme with monthly reinforcement sessions adds long-term functional benefits to those obtained with cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly. Methods After a 4-week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, 160 of 197 patients aged 75 years and older screened for eligibility with different indications for cardiac rehabilitation, were randomly assigned to a control (C) or an active treatment (T) group. During a 12-month follow-up, C patients received usual care, while T patients were prescribed a standardised set of home-based exercises with centre-based monthly reinforcements for the first 6 months. The main (peak oxygen consumption) and three secondary outcome measures (distance walked in 6 minutes, inferior limbs peak 90 degrees Torque strength, health-related quality of life) were assessed at baseline, at random assignment and at 6 and 12-month follow-ups with the cardiopulmonary exercise test, 6-minute walking test, isokinetic dynamometer and the Short Form-36 questionnaire, respectively. Results Both C and T groups obtained a significant and similar improvement from baseline to the end of the 4-week cardiac rehabilitation programme in the three functional outcome measures. However, at univariable and age and gender-adjusted analysis of variance for repeated measures, changes from random assignment to 6 or 12-month follow-up in any outcome measure were similar in the C and T groups. Conclusion Results from this randomised study suggest that a home-based exercise programme with monthly reinforcements does not add any long-term functional benefit beyond those offered by a conventional, 4-week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme.